Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Pelecaniformes > Pelecanidae > Pelecanus > Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
 

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (American White Pelican)

Language: French; Spanish

Wikipedia Abstract

The American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is a large aquatic bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Central America, in winter. The scientific name means "red-billed pelican", from the Latin term for a pelican, Pelecanus, and erythrorhynchos, derived from the Ancient Greek words erythros (ἐρυθρός, "red") + rhynchos (ῥύγχος, "bill").
View Wikipedia Record: Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

Attributes

Adult Weight [2]  12.45 lbs (5.65 kg)
Birth Weight [3]  110 grams
Female Weight [2]  10.96 lbs (4.97 kg)
Male Weight [2]  13.95 lbs (6.33 kg)
Weight Dimorphism [2]  27.3 %
Female Maturity [3]  3 years
Male Maturity [3]  3 years
Clutch Size [4]  2
Clutches / Year [3]  1
Diet [1]  Carnivore
Incubation [3]  36 days
Maximum Longevity [3]  54 years
Migration [1]  Intracontinental
Water Biome [1]  Lakes and Ponds, Rivers and Streams, Coastal, Brackish Water

Ecoregions

Name Countries Ecozone Biome Species Report Map Climate Land
Use
Alberta Mountain forests Canada Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests Canada Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Arizona Mountains forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Baja California desert Mexico Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Bajío dry forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Blue Mountains forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
British Columbia mainland coastal forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
California Central Valley grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
California coastal sage and chaparral Mexico, United States Nearctic Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub
California interior chaparral and woodlands United States Nearctic Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub
California montane chaparral and woodlands United States Nearctic Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub
Canadian Aspen forests and parklands Canada Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Cascade Mountains leeward forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Central American dry forests Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Central and Southern Cascades forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Central and Southern mixed grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Central British Columbia Mountain forests Canada Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Central forest-grasslands transition United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Central Mexican matorral Mexico Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Central Pacific coastal forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests  
Central tall grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Central U.S. hardwood forests United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Chihuahuan desert Mexico, United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Colorado Plateau shrublands United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Colorado Rockies forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
East Central Texas forests United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Eastern Cascades forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Everglades United States Neotropic Flooded Grasslands and Savannas
Flint Hills tall grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Great Basin montane forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Great Basin shrub steppe United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Jalisco dry forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Klamath-Siskiyou forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Meseta Central matorral Mexico Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves Bahamas, United Kingdom Neotropic Mangroves
Mid-Continental Canadian forests Canada Nearctic Boreal Forests/Taiga
Mississippi lowland forests United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Mojave desert United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
North Central Rockies forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Northern California coastal forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves Mexico Neotropic Mangroves    
Northern mixed grasslands Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Northern short grasslands Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Northern tall grasslands Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Oaxacan montane forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Okanagan dry forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Ozark Mountain forests United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Palouse grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Pantanos de Centla Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Petén-Veracruz moist forests Mexico, Guatemala, Belize Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Piney Woods forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Puget lowland forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Sierra de los Tuxtlas Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests  
Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests Mexico, United States Nearctic Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Sierra Nevada forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Snake-Columbia shrub steppe United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
South Central Rockies forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Southeastern conifer forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama Neotropic Mangroves    
Southern Pacific dry forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Tamaulipan matorral Mexico Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Tamaulipan mezquital Mexico, United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Tehuacán Valley matorral Mexico Neotropic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
Texas blackland prairies United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests
Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Veracruz moist forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Veracruz montane forests Mexico Neotropic Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests
Wasatch and Uinta montane forests United States Nearctic Temperate Coniferous Forests
Western Great Lakes forests Canada, United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Western Gulf Coastal grasslands Mexico, United States Nearctic Tropical and Subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands  
Western short grasslands United States Nearctic Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands
Willamette Valley forests United States Nearctic Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Wyoming Basin shrub steppe United States Nearctic Deserts and Xeric Shrublands

Protected Areas

Name IUCN Category Area acres Location Species Website Map Climate Land Use
Algonquin Provincial Park IV 1868802 Ontario, Canada
Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Rio Colorado Biosphere Reserve VI 2320468 Sonora, Mexico  
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA III 184543 California, United States
Archipelago Golfo de Fonseca Marine National Park 9779 Honduras  
Assateague Island National Seashore II 8621 Maryland, United States
Audubon National Wildlife Refuge IV 14642 North Dakota, United States
Badlands National Park II 178535 South Dakota, United States
Big Bend Biosphere Reserve National Park II 815561 Texas, United States
Big Cypress National Preserve V 732120 Florida, United States
Big Morongo Canyon Preserve Area of Critical Environmental Concern V 3906 California, United States
Big Thicket Biosphere Reserve National Park II 616880 Texas, United States
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area V 36286 Montana, Wyoming, United States
Biscayne National Park II 11085 Florida, United States
Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge IV 4842 Georgia, United States
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge VI 19192 Maryland, United States
Buffalo National River National River and Wild and Scenic Riverway V 59947 Arkansas, United States
California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve 153447 California, United States  
Canaveral National Seashore II 9090 Florida, United States
Cape Hatteras National Seashore II 21476 North Carolina, United States
Cape Lookout National Seashore II 18379 North Carolina, United States
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge IV 8964 South Carolina, United States
Capital Reef National Park II 243722 Utah, United States
Carlsbad Caverns National Park II 15448 New Mexico, United States
Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve 310228 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, United States      
Carrizo Plain Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve Ia 7550 California, United States  
Central Gulf Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve 40530 United States  
Central Plains Biosphere Reserve 15345 United States  
Channel Islands National Park II 139010 California, United States
Ciénaga de Zapata National Park 1606900 Cuba  
Colorado National Monument III 20420 Colorado, United States
Cosumnes River Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve Ia 2138 California, United States
Crater Lake National Park II 180091 Oregon, United States
Creighton Ranch Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve Ia 3275 California, United States  
Cumberland Island National Seashore II 20629 Georgia, United States
Curecanti National Recreation Area V 31032 Colorado, United States
De Soto National Wildlife Refuge IV 8007 Iowa, Nebraska, United States
Death Valley National Park II 762125 California, Nevada, United States
Dinosaur National Monument III 203307 Colorado, Utah, United States
Dzilam de Bravo Wetland Reserve 149170 Yucatan, Mexico    
El Jocotal Lagoon Wildlife Refuge 1863 El Salvador  
Elk Island National Park II 47171 Alberta, Canada
Etosha National Park II 5699141 Namibia  
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge VI 66133 Arkansas, United States
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary IV 2387149 Florida, United States
Fort Pulaski National Monument V 4213 Georgia, United States
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area V 1087901 Arizona, Utah, United States
Golden Gate National Recreation Area V 26135 California, United States
Grand Canyon National Park II 1210128 Arizona, United States
Grand Teton National Park II 231724 Wyoming, United States
Grasslands National Park II 128635 Saskatchewan, Canada
Gray Lodge State Wildlife Area State Wildlife Management Area IV 8471 California, United States
Great Basin National Park II 77367 Nevada, United States
Great Smoky Mountains National Park II 515454 North Carolina, Tennessee, United States
Gulf Island National Seashore II 67487 Florida, Mississippi, United States
Horicon National Wildlife Refuge IV 21369 Wisconsin, United States
Hot Springs National Park II 5740 Arkansas, United States
Isle Royale Biosphere Reserve Ib 571799 Michigan, United States
Jean Lafitte National Hist. Park & Preserve National Historical Park II 17686 Louisiana, United States
Jeanette Kawas National Park 6379 Honduras    
Joshua Tree National Park II 305076 California, United States
Knife River Indian Villages National Hist. Site National Historic Site III 1756 North Dakota, United States
Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge VI 28351 Louisiana, United States
Lake Chelan National Recreation Area II 606367 Washington, United States
Lassen Volcanic National Park II 29388 California, United States
Lava Beds National Monument III 20002 California, United States
Long Point Biosphere Reserve 100325 Ontario, Canada  
Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve 5901 California, United States  
Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve 470167 Ontario, Canada  
Organ Pipe Cactus Biosphere Reserve 327376 Arizona, United States  
Padre Island National Seashore II 42068 Texas, United States
Paine Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve 2965 California, United States      
Palo Verde National Park II 46190 Costa Rica  
Petrified Forest National Park II 44522 Arizona, United States
Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center 6101 California, United States
Point Reyes National Seashore II 27068 California, United States
Prince Albert National Park II 976762 Saskatchewan, Canada
Pukaskwa National Park II 459860 Ontario, Canada
Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve 277252 Saskatchewan, Canada
Redwood National Park II 77867 California, United States
Reserva de Mapimi Biosphere Reserve VI 849819 Chihuahua, Mexico  
Reserva de la Biosfera El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve VI 6176727 Mexico  
Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve VI 955579 Queretaro, Mexico  
Riding Mountain Biosphere Reserve II 762028 Manitoba, Canada
Rocky Mountain Biosphere Reserve II 239938 Colorado, United States
Rondeau Provincial Park II 5035 Ontario, Canada
Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge VI 23844 Oklahoma, United States
San Joaquin Biosphere Reserve 4527 California, United States  
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area V 38440 California, United States
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve II 172261 California, United States
Sevilleta LTER Site Long Term Ecological Research IV 228335 New Mexico, United States
South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve 20317 South Carolina, United States  
Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve 37548505 North Carolina, Tennessee, United States  
Upper Miss. River Nat'l Wildlife Refuge National Wildlife Refuge VI 25823 Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, United States
Virginia Coast Biosphere Reserve 33386 Virginia, United States  
Voyageurs National Park II 177960 Minnesota, United States
Waterton Biosphere Reserve II 121459 Alberta, Canada
White Sands National Monument III 139922 New Mexico, United States
Wind Cave National Park II 29471 South Dakota, United States
Wood Buffalo National Park II 11038545 Alberta, Canada
Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve II 2196863 Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States

Important Bird Areas

BirdLife Species Factsheet: View Factsheet
Name Location  IBA Criteria   Website   Map   Climate   Land Use 
Blackfoot Reservoir USA A4i
Cerrón Grande El Salvador A3
Dog Lake Canada A4i
Dory's Reef Canada A4i
Gull and Sandhill Island Canada A4i, A4iii
Hays Reservoir Canada A4i
Kasakeemeemisekak Islands Canada A4i
Kaweenakumik Lake Canada A4i, A4iii
Kazan Lake Canada A4i
Lavalleé Lake Canada A4i, A4iii
Manchon-Guamuchal Guatemala A4i
Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge USA A4i
North Channel Island Canada A4i
North, West, and East Shoal Lakes Canada A1, A4i, A4iii
Oak Lake/Plum Lakes Area Canada A4i, A4iii
Old Wives-Frederick Lakes Canada A4i, A4iii
Pelican Lake Canada A4i, A4iii
Pelican Lake (Alberta) Canada A4i
Primrose Lake Canada A4i
Redberry Lake Canada A4i
South Long Island Canada A4i
Suggi Lake Canada A4i
Three Sisters Islands Canada A4i

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website Map
California Floristic Province Mexico, United States No
Caribbean Islands Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks And Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands - British, Virgin Islands - U.S. No
Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands Mexico, United States No
Mesoamerica Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama No

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Allechinostomum renale <Unverified Name>[5]
Arhythmorhynchus brevis[5]
Ascocotyle gemina <Unverified Name>[5]
Ascocotyle leighi <Unverified Name>[5]
Bolbophorus confusus[5]
Bolbophorus damnificus <Unverified Name>[5]
Bursacetabulus macrobursatus <Unverified Name>[5]
Bursacetabulus pelecanus <Unverified Name>[5]
Bursatintinnabulus bassanus <Unverified Name>[5]
Bursatintinnabulus macrobursus <Unverified Name>[5]
Capillaria mergi <Unverified Name>[5]
Carneophallus turgidus <Unverified Name>[5]
Clinostomum attenuatum <Unverified Name>[5]
Clinostomum complanatum <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum bancrofti <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum microcephalum <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum micropapillatum <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum multipapillatum <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum rudolphii <Unverified Name>[5]
Contracaecum spiculigerum[5]
Cosmocephalus obvelatus <Unverified Name>[5]
Cyclustera ibisae <Unverified Name>[5]
Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta[5]
Dibothrium cordiceps <Unverified Name>[5]
Diphyllobothrium cordiceps <Unverified Name>[5]
Diplostomum spathaceum[5]
Echinochasmus dietzevi <Unverified Name>[5]
Echinochasmus donaldsoni <Unverified Name>[5]
Eustrongylides ignotus <Unverified Name>[5]
Galactosomum darbyi <Unverified Name>[5]
Galactosomum puffini <Unverified Name>[5]
Gigantobilharzia huttoni <Unverified Name>[5]
Gnathostoma binucleatum <Unverified Name>[5]
Gnathostoma spinigerum <Unverified Name>[5]
Mesorchis denticulatus[5]
Mesostephanus appendiculatoides[5]
Mesostephanus microbursa <Unverified Name>[5]
Microparyphium facetum <Unverified Name>[5]
Microtetrameres pelecani <Unverified Name>[5]
Oligorchis longivaginosus <Unverified Name>[5]
Paracuaria adunca <Unverified Name>[5]
Paradilepis caballeroi <Unverified Name>[5]
Paradilepis longivaginosus <Unverified Name>[5]
Parvitaenia ibisae <Unverified Name>[5]
Phagicola longa[5]
Phagicola macrostoma <Unverified Name>[5]
Phagicola nana <Unverified Name>[5]
Pholeter anterouterus <Unverified Name>[5]
Posthodiplostomum minimum[5]
Southwellina breve <Unverified Name>[5]
Spirometra mansonoides <Unverified Name>[5]
Stephanoprora denticulata <Unverified Name>[5]

Institutions (Zoos, etc.)

    Maps
Institution Infraspecies / Breed 
Alexandria Zoological Park
Assiniboine Park Zoo
Birmingham Zoo
Blackbrook Zoological Park
BREC's Baton Rouge Zoo
Bronx Zoo/Wildlife Conservat'n Society
Caldwell Zoo
Calgary Zoo, Garden & Prehistoric Park
Cameron Park Zoo
Chicago Zoological Park
Dallas Zoo
Denver Zoological Gardens
Fort Worth Zoological Park
Gladys Porter Zoo
Hattiesburg Zoo
Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park
Hutchinson Zoo
Jackson Zoological Park
John Ball Zoological Garden
Jurong Birdpark, Singapore
Little Rock Zoological Gardens
Louisiana Purchase Gardens & Zoo
Memphis Zoological Garden & Aquarium
Miami Metrozoo
Moonridge Animal Park
NEW Zoo
Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo
Parque Zoologico Benito Juarez
Potter Park Zoological Gardens
Pueblo Zoo
Racine Zoological Gardens
Riverside Zoo
Roosevelt Park Zoo
Saint Louis Zoological Park
Salisbury Zoological Park
San Antonio Zoological Gardens & Aquar
San Diego Wild Animal Park
San Francisco Zoological Gardens
Scovill Zoo
Sunset Zoo
Tautphaus Park Zoo
Tracy Aviary
Tulsa Zoo & Living Museum
Valley Zoo & John Janzen Nature Center
Willow Park Zoo
Zoologico Nacional La Aurora

Range Map

Link to Map
Caribbean; North America;

External References

Audio

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Provided by eNature via Myxer

Photos

Citations

Species recognized by Banks R.C., 22-Sep-2011, ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System in Catalog of Life 2011
Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org ♦ 2Johnsgard, PA 1993. Cormorants, Darters, and Pelicans of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC ♦ 3de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 4Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 5Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder
Protected Areas provided by Biological Inventories of the World's Protected Areas in cooperation between the Information Center for the Environment at the University of California, Davis and numerous collaborators.
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Biodiversity Hotspots, Conservation International
Important Bird Areas provided by BirdLife International (2010) Important Bird Areas. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 29/12/2010
Images provided by Google Image Search
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Range map provided by Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2007. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 3.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Robert Ridgely, James Zook, The Nature Conservancy - Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International - CABS, World Wildlife Fund - US, and Environment Canada - WILDSPACE.
Weather provided by NOAA METAR Data Access
Institution information provided by International Species Information System - May 2011
Audio software provided by SoundManager 2