Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Primates > Cercopithecoidea > Cercopithecidae > Papio > Papio hamadryas| | Papio hamadryas (hamadryas baboon) | |
Synonyms: Cynocephalus wagleri; Hamadryas aegyptiaca; Hamadryas chaeropitheus; Papio arabicus; Papio brockmani; Simia cynamolgus; Theropithecus nedjo The hamadryas baboon (/ˌhæməˈdraɪəs/; Papio hamadryas) is a species of baboon from the Old World monkey family. It is the northernmost of all the baboons, being native to the Horn of Africa and the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. These regions provide habitats with the advantage for this species of fewer natural predators than central or southern Africa where other baboons reside. The hamadryas baboon was a sacred animal to the ancient Egyptians and appears in various roles in ancient Egyptian religion, hence its alternative name of 'sacred baboon'. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 6.04 EDGE Score: 1.95 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 39.68 lbs (18.00 kg) | | Birth Weight [1] | 1.79 lbs (814 g) |  | | Female Maturity [1] | 4 years 1 month | | Male Maturity [1] | 4 years 10 months | | | Diet [2] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Carnivore (Vertebrates), Herbivore | | Diet - Invertibrates [2] | 10 % | | Diet - Plants [2] | 80 % | | Diet - Vertibrates [2] | 10 % | | Forages - Ground [2] | 100 % | | | Gestation [1] | 5 months 21 days | | Litter Size [1] | 1 | | Litters / Year [1] | 1 | | Maximum Longevity [1] | 38 years | | Weaning [1] | 10 months |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
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Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert |
Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
 |
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Ethiopian montane forests |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
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Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Ethiopian montane moorlands |
Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands |
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert |
Egypt, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Sahelian Acacia savanna |
Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan |
Afrotropic |
Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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Somali montane xeric woodlands |
Somalia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna |
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands |
Yemen, Saudi Arabia |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Eastern Afromontane |
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe |
No |
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 |
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Horn of Africa |
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Oman, Somalia, Yemen |
No |
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Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany |
Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland |
No |
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Institutions (Zoos, etc.) |
 Maps Africa; Tsavo National Park; Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774 ♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 3Composition and Seasonality of Diet in Wild Hamadryas Baboons: Preliminary Findings from Filoha, Larissa Swedell, Getenet Hailemeskel, Amy Schreier, Folia Primatol 2008;79:476490 ♦ 4Who's Eating Who♦ 5Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London ♦ 6Nunn, C. L., and S. Altizer. 2005. The Global Mammal Parasite Database: An Online Resource for Infectious Disease Records in Wild Primates. Evolutionary Anthroplogy 14:1-2. ♦ 7Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 WWF WildFINDER |
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